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Birkbeck, University of London

Coordinates: 51°31′19″N 0°07′49″W / 51.52194°N 0.13028°W / 51.52194; -0.13028
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Birkbeck, University of London
Coat of arms
MottoLatin: In nocte consilium
Motto in English
Advice comes at night[1]
TypePublic research university
Established
  • 1823; 202 years ago (1823) (as London Mechanics' Institute)
  • 1866; 159 years ago (1866) (as Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institution)
  • 1907; 118 years ago (1907) (as Birkbeck College)
Parent institution
University of London
Endowment£10.2 million (2022)[2]
Budget£108.2 million (2021–22)[2]
ChancellorThe Princess Royal (University of London)
PresidentBaroness Bakewell[3]
Vice-ChancellorSally Wheeler[3]
Students10,200 (2022/23)[4]
Undergraduates5,520 (2022/23)[4]
Postgraduates4,680 (2022/23)[4]
Location
London, England, United Kingdom

51°31′19″N 0°07′49″W / 51.52194°N 0.13028°W / 51.52194; -0.13028
Colours
AffiliationsACU
European University Association
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Universities UK
Websitebbk.ac.uk Edit this at Wikidata

Birkbeck, University of London (formally Birkbeck College, University of London), is a public research university located in London, England, and a member institution of the University of London. Established in 1823 as the London Mechanics' Institute by its founder Joseph Clinton Robertson and its supporters Sir George Birkbeck, Jeremy Bentham, J. C. Hobhouse and Henry Brougham, Birkbeck is one of the few universities to specialise in evening higher education in the United Kingdom.

Birkbeck's main building is in Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden in Central London. Birkbeck offers more than 200 undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Birkbeck's academic activities are organised into five constituent faculties, which are subdivided into nineteen departments. The university is a member of academic organisations such as the Association of Commonwealth Universities and the European University Association. The university is also a member of the Screen Studies Group, London. The university's Centre for Brain Function and Development was awarded The Queen's Anniversary Prize for its brain research in 2005.[5]

Birkbeck's alumni and former and current staff include five Nobel laureates, numerous political leaders, members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and a British prime minister.

History

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Founding

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Sir George Birkbeck, founder of Birkbeck, University of London
Part of the main Birkbeck campus in Bloomsbury, showing the main entrance (on the right).

In 1823 Sir George Birkbeck, a physician and graduate of the University of Edinburgh who was a pioneer of adult education, founded the London Mechanics' Institute at a meeting in the Crown and Anchor Tavern in the Strand. More than two thousand people attended.[6] However, the idea was not universally popular and some accused Birkbeck of "scattering the seeds of evil."[7]

In 1825 the Institute moved to the Southampton Buildings on Chancery Lane. In 1830 the first female students were admitted. In 1858 changes to the University of London's structure resulted in opening up access for the Institute's students to its examinations and its degrees. The Institute became the main provider of part-time university education.[6]

In 1866 the Institute changed its name to the Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institution.[6]

In 1885 Birkbeck moved to the Breams Building on Fetter Lane, where it remained for the next 67 years.[6]

In 1904 Birkbeck Students' Union was established.

Birkbeck College

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In 1907 Birkbeck's name was shortened to Birkbeck College. In 1913 a review of the University of London, which had been restructured in 1900, recommended that Birkbeck become a constituent college of the University, but the outbreak of the First World War delayed this until 1920.[6] The Royal Charter was granted in 1926.[8]

In 1921 the college's first female professor, Dame Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, began teaching botany.[7] Other distinguished faculty in the years between the two world wars included Nikolaus Pevsner, J. D. Bernal and Cyril Joad.[citation needed]

During the Second World War Birkbeck was the only central University of London college not to be relocated outside the capital. In 1941 the college's library suffered a direct hit during The Blitz, but teaching continued. During the war the college organised lunch-time extramural lectures for the public, given by, among others, Joad, Pevsner and Harold Nicolson.[citation needed]

In 1952 the college moved to its present location in Malet Street.[6]

Current status

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In 2002 the college was rebranded Birkbeck, University of London, although Birkbeck College, University of London remains its full legal name.[9] In 2003, following a major redevelopment, its building in Malet Street was reopened by the Chancellor of the University of London, The Princess Royal.[6]

In 2006 Birkbeck announced that it had been granted five million pounds by the Higher Education Funding Council for England to expand its provision into East London, working with the University of East London.[10] The partnership, which was launched on 21 November 2006, is called Birkbeck Stratford.[11]

Birkbeck is the largest college of the University of London not to award its own degrees. Although it has held its own degree-awarding powers since 2012, Birkbeck has chosen to hold these in reserve, preferring to award University of London degrees.[12] It also offers many continuing education courses leading to certificates and diplomas, foundation degrees, and short courses.

In late October 2022 the University and College Union published a press release in which it stated that Birkbeck was planning to significantly reduce its staff because of a multi-million-pound deficit, in a restructuring that could lead to compulsory redundancies. In the same release it was stated that the local UCU branch had passed a motion of no confidence in the senior leadership team.[13] Protests against possible job cuts took place at Birkbeck in November 2022.[14]

In 2022 Birkbeck, a history of the college, was published by Oxford University Press to mark the 200th anniversary of its foundation.[15]

The former main entrance of Birkbeck College; the new entrance is on the other side of this building.

The School of Continuing Education

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In 1876 the London Society for the Extension of University Education was founded with the aim of encouraging working people to undertake higher education. In 1903 it became the Department of Extra-Mural Studies of the University of London, and in 1988 was integrated into Birkbeck, first as the Centre for Extramural Studies and then as the School of Continuing Education. In 2009 the Faculty of Lifelong Learning was incorporated into the main college structure.[16]

Campus and location

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The interior of the new library
Birkbeck College restaurant

Birkbeck is principally located between Malet Street and Woburn Square in Bloomsbury. The School of Arts, including the Department of English & Humanities, is housed in Virginia Woolf's former residence in Gordon Square, Bloomsbury. (Other notable former residents of the house include John Maynard Keynes, Vanessa Bell and Lydia Lopokova.) The building includes the Birkbeck Cinema.[17] and the Peltz Gallery.[18]

Many Birkbeck classes are taught at other locations around Bloomsbury, not only because Birkbeck is committed to widening participation in higher education, but also because nearly all classes on any one day are taught at the same time, resulting in heavy competition for limited space.

Birkbeck has expanded into East London, in conjunction with the University of East London. The project is known as Birkbeck Stratford.[10] The campus opened in November 2013.[19]

A building on Euston Road was refurbished by Penoyre & Prasad to be used by Birkbeck in 2021.[20][21][22]

In 2021 it was announced that Birkbeck would be leasing Student Central. After refurbishment, the building reopened during the 2022-23 academic year.[23][20]

Organisation

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Faculties and schools

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Bloomsbury campus at night

The college was previously organised into five schools comprising 19 departments, but it now consists of three faculties that comprise a total of nine schools:

  • Faculty of Business and Law
    • Birkbeck Business School
    • Birkbeck Law School
  • Faculty of Humanities and Social Science
    • School of Creative Arts, Culture and Communication
    • School of Historical Studies
    • School of Social Sciences
    • Birkbeck Centre for Counselling
  • Faculty of Science
    • School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences
    • School of Natural Sciences
    • School of Psychological Sciences

Academic profile

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Research and teaching

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The Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities (BIR)[24] was established in 2004, with the renowned but controversial Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek appointed as International Director. According to its website, the Institute aims to "engage with important public issues of our time through a series of open debates, lectures, seminars and conferences" and to "foster and promote a climate of interdisciplinary research and collaboration among academics and researchers". The launch of the Institute was not without controversy, provoking an article in The Observer titled "What have intellectuals ever done for the world?"[25] which criticised the ostensible irrelevance and elitism of contemporary public intellectuals. The current director of the institute is Costas Douzinas.[26]

2004 also saw Birkbeck enter into a research and teaching collaboration with the Institute of Education, jointly founding the London Knowledge Lab. This interdisciplinary research institute brings together social scientists and computer scientists to address research questions about technology and learning.[27]

Meanwhile, the London Consortium, a graduate school that represents a collaboration between Birkbeck, the Tate Galleries, the Institute of Contemporary Arts, the Architectural Association, and, until 1999, the British Film Institute, has been running since the mid-1990s, offering master's and doctoral degrees in interdisciplinary humanities and cultural studies. Its permanent and adjunct faculty has included Tom McCarthy, Colin MacCabe, Laura Mulvey, Steven Connor, Marina Warner, Juliet Mitchell, Stuart Hall, the late Roger Scruton, Salman Rushdie, Tilda Swinton as well as Slavoj Žižek. Its current chair is Anthony Julius.

Torrington Square and Birkbeck's Clore Management Centre (right)

David Latchman, who became Master of the Birkbeck in 2003, forged closer relations between Birkbeck and University College London (UCL). Joint research centres include the UCL/Birkbeck Institute for Earth and Planetary Sciences, UCL/Birkbeck/IoE Centre for Educational Neuroscience, the UCL/Birkbeck Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, and the Birkbeck-UCL Centre for Neuroimaging.[citation needed]

Science research at Birkbeck has a notable tradition. David Bohm, who made notable contributions to the theory of quantum mechanics, was Professor of Theoretical Physics from 1961 to 1987, and other distinguished Birkbeck scientists include Aaron Klug in the Department of crystallography, Derek Barton in the Department of Chemistry, and Roger Penrose and David Bohm in the Department of Physics. Kathleen Booth wrote the first computer assembly language. Birkbeck is part of the Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, which includes the Bloomsbury Centre for Structural biology, established in 1998. This is a collaborative venture between Birkbeck and UCL, and is a leading academic centre for translating gene sequences and determining protein structure and function. It also includes the Bloomsbury Centre for Bioinformatics, a collaborative venture also between Birkbeck College and University College London for research into Bioinformatics, Genomics, Systems Biology, Grid computing and Text mining.

Birkbeck was ranked 13th in The Guardian's 2001 Research Assessment Exercise and 26th in the Times Higher Education's equivalent table. In the 2008 RAE results, Birkbeck ranked in the top 25% of UK multi-faculty Higher Education Institutions. The RAE rated the quality of research in a range of subjects at 159 Higher Education Institutions in the UK. Birkbeck submissions from Earth Sciences, Psychology, History, Classics and Archaeology and History of Art, Film and Visual Media were rated in the top five nationally. In REF2014, half of Birkbeck's submissions were rated in the top 20 nationally, and eight submissions received 100% ranking for Research Environment. 73% of Birkbeck's research was rated "world-leading" (4*) or "internationally excellent" (3*).[28] In the 2021 REF exercise, Birkbeck performed very well throughout, with notable success in English Language & Literature,[29] where Birkbeck was second nationally, and Art and Design,[30] where Birkbeck was fourth nationally.

Rankings

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Rankings
National rankings
Complete (2025)[31]N/A
Guardian (2025)[32]N/A
Times / Sunday Times (2025)[33]N/A
Global rankings
ARWU (2024)[34]801–900
QS (2025)[35]408=
THE (2025)[36]301–350
Friends House

Birkbeck's Centre for Brain Function and Development was awarded The Queen's Anniversary Prize for its brain research in 2005. In 2010, Birkbeck was shortlisted for the Times Higher Education University of the Year Award.[37]

In 2021 the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked Birkbeck 95th in the world for Psychology. The university is consistently ranked in the top 100 in the world by QS World University Rankings for English Language & Literature and Philosophy.[38] Internationally, Birkbeck was ranked within the top 400 universities in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020 and QS World University Rankings 2020.

In 2018 Birkbeck announced that it would withdraw from UK university rankings because their methodologies unfairly penalise it, since "despite having highly rated teaching and research, other factors caused by its unique teaching model and unrelated to its performance push it significantly down the ratings".[39]

Students' Union

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Main article: Birkbeck Students' Union

The Birkbeck Students' Union (BBKSU) was founded in 1904 and was one of the founding members of the National Union of Students.[40]

Initially governed by a Council, elected from and responsible to the students, today it is governed jointly by a Student Council, Executive Committee and Board of Trustees.[41][42]

Students initially paid an annual membership fee to join, but students are now automatically registered as members when they enrol onto a course at the college.

Birkbeck Students' Union offers a number of student groups for students, as well as a various sports clubs that compete in the LUSL. It also provides student representation, support and advice services, as well as volunteer and employment opportunities.

Notable people

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Main article: List of Birkbeck, University of London people

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Meaninggul citation in the context."Translation discussion". Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Financial Statements for the year ended 31 July 2022" (PDF). Birkbeck, University of London. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Officers of the College". Birkbeck. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  4. ^ a b c "Where do HE students study?". Higher Education Statistics Agency. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
  5. ^ "The Queen's Anniversary Prize – Previous Prize-winners". The Royal Anniversary Trust. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "The History of Birkbeck". Birkbeck, University of London. Archived from the original on 6 October 2006. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
  7. ^ a b Birkbeck, University of London Continuing Education Courses 2002 Entry. Birkbeck External Relations Department. 2002. p. 5.
  8. ^ Charter, Statutes and Standing Orders Birkbeck College, 16 December 1994.
  9. ^ Birkbeck, University of London, http://www.bbk.ac.uk/about-us/charitable-status "About Birkbeck > Charitable Status" Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  10. ^ a b "Birkbeck projects win £8.7m HEFCE funding for innovative higher education provision in London". Birkbeck, University of London. Archived from the original on 27 June 2006. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
  11. ^ "Birkbeck/UEL Partnership at Stratford launched". Birkbeck, University of London. Archived from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
  12. ^ "Degree Awarding Powers". Birkbeck, University of London. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  13. ^ "Birkbeck University threatens to sack 140 staff". www.ucu.org.uk. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  14. ^ "Protests at university's plan to axe staff jobs". Camden New Journal. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
  15. ^ "Birkbeck: 200 Years of Radical Learning for Working People". www.global.oup.com. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  16. ^ Birkbeck, University of London Continuing Education Courses 2004 Entry. Birkbeck External Relations Department. 2004. p. 4.
  17. ^ Birkbeck Cinema Archived 2016-06-05 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Peltz Gallery
  19. ^ "University of East London and Birkbeck open new £33m campus in Stratford". Birkbeck. 7 November 2013. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  20. ^ a b "Birkbeck's campus expansion opens door to new, modern student hub". Birkbeck, University of London. 3 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  21. ^ Williams, Fran (19 August 2021). "Penoyre & Prasad completes copper learning centre for Birkbeck, University of London". The Architects’ Journal. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  22. ^ Marshall2021-08-23T06:00:00+01:00, Jordan. "Penoyre & Prasad's angular addition to Birkbeck campus completes". Building Design. Retrieved 28 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ "Student Central is closing down and removing its pool". UCL. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  24. ^ "Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities". Retrieved 26 November 2006.
  25. ^ "What have intellectuals ever done for the world?". The Observer. 28 November 2004. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  26. ^ "Our staff". Birkbeck, University of London. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  27. ^ 'ALT Lab Group: London Knowledge Lab' page. Association for Learning Technology Lab Group website. Available online at: "The Lab Group [ Lab - Knowledge Media Institute ]". Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  28. ^ "Birkbeck REF2014 results". 18 December 2014.
  29. ^ "English REF results, REF2021". 12 May 2022.
  30. ^ "Art and Design REF results, REF2021". 12 May 2022.
  31. ^ "Complete University Guide 2025". The Complete University Guide. 14 May 2024.
  32. ^ "Guardian University Guide 2025". The Guardian. 7 September 2024.
  33. ^ "Good University Guide 2025". The Times. 20 September 2024.
  34. ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2024". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 15 August 2024.
  35. ^ "QS World University Rankings 2025". Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. 4 June 2024.
  36. ^ "THE World University Rankings 2025". Times Higher Education. 9 October 2024.
  37. ^ "The Awards 2010". Times Higher Education. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  38. ^ "Birkbeck, University of London". Top Universities. 9 December 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  39. ^ "Birkbeck to leave UK university league tables". Bbk.ac.uk. 9 October 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  40. ^ "Students' Union Records - Birkbeck College: Student Societies and Students' Union records - Birkbeck College archive - Archives Hub". archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  41. ^ "Governance @ Birkbeck Students' Union". www.birkbeckunion.org. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  42. ^ "Democracy Review update! @ Birkbeck Students' Union". www.birkbeckunion.org. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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